Index-Year  /  Group          Type of country     Infant mortality [rate]  mean±s.d.                      Post hoc t paired test 1900-57, 1957-2005         Life expectancy (birth) [yr]   mean±s.d.                       Post hoc t paired test  1900-57, 1957-2005 Total adult literacy     [%]  mean±s.d.                                           Post hoc t paired test  1900-57, 1957-2005 Urban population [%]                             mean±s.d.                            Post hoc t paired test  1900-57, 1957-2005    GDP per capita [1990 US$ conv. GK PPP]     mean±s.d.                              Post hoc t paired test     1900-57, 1957-2005 
Group Type of country 1900 p 1957 p 2005 1900 p 1957 p 2005 1900 p 1957 p 2004 1900 p 1957 p 2005 1900 p 1957 p 2005
1 Most closed socialist in transition & in development 257 0.001 99 0.038 21 29 0.005 54 0.046 70 26 0.010 62 0.029 96 12 0.008 33 0.001 56 956 0.166 1695 0.094 3800
± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
41 60 13 2 10 6 15 25 5 12 18 21 358 1264 2547
ANOVA 3-year  significant p ≤ .05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.033
2 Most opened capitalist in development 216 0.000 51 0.012 4 31 0.000 62 0.001 79 33 0.000 61 0.002 96 33 0.000 55 0.046 84 840 0.019 2035 0.001 20851
± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
36 24 2 3 5 2 5 9 2 35 35 13 152 731 5115
ANOVA 3-year  significant p ≤ .05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.012
3 Much opened capitalist already developed 194 0.001 43 0.000 4 41 0.000 68 0.000 81 73 0.024 94 0.102 99 33 0.001 57 0.003 75 2122 0.006 4693 0.000 20251
± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
36 8 0.5 4 1.3 1 20 6 1 18 13 9 779 1619 1830
ANOVA 3-year  significant p ≤ .05 0.000 0.000 0.031 0.000 0.000
4 Most opened capitalist already developed 142 0.000 24 0.001 5 49 0.000 71 0.000 80 93 0.010 99 0.004 100 55 0.042 70 0.006 87 3501 0.001 8391 0.000 25180
± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
29 5 1.5 4 2 1.3 3 0.5 0 16 7 6 1024 1655 3098
ANOVA 3-year  significant p ≤ .05 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000